Deserts
Deserts form when the air is dry and there is no rain. There are not many plants and trees in deserts. Some deserts are very big. The sahara Desert in Africa is bigger than India. Desers are not always hot. The Gobi Desert in Asia is colder than the UK in winter.
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| Sahara Desert is the biggest desert in the world |
The Atacama desert the driest place in the world
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| Atacama Desert |
The Atacama Desert is used as a location for filming Mars scenes, most notably in the television series. The Atacama is also used by NASA to test instruments for future Mars missions.
The biggest deserts in the world
Volcanoes
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| Volcano in Iceland |
Volcanoes form when it is
very hot under the earth. When a volcano
erupts, there are spectacular fountains of fire and lava. The lava travels a
long way. There are about fifty volvanic eruptions in the world every year.
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| Stromboli Volcano in Italy |
3 Types of Volcanoes
- Volcanoes can be active (regular activity)
- dormant (recent historical activity but now quiet)
- or extinct (no activity in historical times and unlikely to erupt again).
Glaciers
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| Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina |
Glaciers are like rivers of
ice. Glaciers form when snow in high mountains changes to ice.There are
glaciers in the Rockies, the Andes, the Alps and the Himalaya Mountains.
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| Elephant Foot Glacier, Greenland |
There are also
glaciers in the Artic and Antartica.
When ice from glaciers falls into the sea, icebergs form. Glacial ice is the largest reservoir of freshwater on Earth
Mountain
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| Mattherhorn, Switzerland |
A mountain is a natural
elevation of the earth surface, higher than a hill. Mountains usually have steep slopes and a rounded or
sharp peak. Mountains are rarely found alone. Groups of mountains are called ranges. Lines of
ranges form mountain belts.
The highest mountain in the world is Everest. Mount aconcagua is the
highest mountain in South America.
Jungle
Jungles and
rainforests are similar, but while rainforests have thick canopies of tall
trees that block out light, jungles allow more light in, making it easier for
plants to grow.
The Amazon jungle is the largest tropical rainforest in the world, covering over five and a half a million square kilometres
It is home to around 2 and a half million different insect species as well as over 40000 plant species.
There are also a
number of dangerous species living in the Amazon rainforest such as the cougar,
jaguar and anaconda
River
A
river is a large natural flow of water that crosses an area of land and goes
into an ocean, a lake, etc.
The longest
river in the world is the Nile River, it reaches around 6650 kilometers in
length (4132 miles).
Waterfall
A waterfall is a river or other body of water's steep fall over a rocky
ledge into a plunge
pool below. Waterfalls are also called cascades.
Waterfalls are a source of hydropower producing large amounts of electricity.
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| Salto del Angel waterfalls |
The world's tallest waterfall is Salto del Angel Falls, in Venezuela with 979 meters high
Cataracts often drop straight down.
A cataract is
a powerful, even dangerous, waterfall. Among the widest and wildest of
cataracts are the thundering waters of the Iguazu River on the border between
Brazil and Argentina.
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| Iguazú waterfalls ,also called cataracts. |
Lake
A lake is a body of fresh or salt water of considerable size, surrounded by land. And are also larger and deeper than ponds.
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| Lake Moraine , in Canada. |
Natural
lakes are generally found in mountainous areas, rift zones, and areas with
ongoing glaciation.
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| Lake Titicaca, Bolivia |
Many
lakes are artificial and are constructed for industrial or agricultural use,
for hydro-electric power generation or domestic water supply, or for aesthetic or
recreational purposes
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